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Old English (ca. 450-1100)Ænglisc sprǣc |
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Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or Anglo-Saxon is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written
by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in parts of what are now England and southern and eastern Scotland, more specifically
in the England Old Period, between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. What survives through writing represents
primarily the literary register of Anglo-Saxon. It is a West Germanic language closely related to Old Frisian and Old Saxon.
Old English had a grammar similar in many ways to Classical Latin. In most respects, including its grammar, it was much closer
to modern German and Icelandic than to modern English. It was fully inflected with five grammatical cases, three grammatical
numbers and three grammatical genders. The dual forms occurred in the first and second persons only and referred to groups
of two. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite
verbs agreed with their subject in person and number. Nouns came in numerous declensions. Verbs came in nine main conjugations
(seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of
irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated
in only two tenses (vs. the six tenses – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice
(although it did still exist in Gothic). Gender in nouns was grammatical, as opposed to the natural gender that prevails in
modern English. That is, the grammatical gender of a given noun did not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even
for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne was feminine, se mōna was masculine, and þat wīf the woman/wife was
neuter. (Compare German cognates die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib. ) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical
gender, when it conflicted. From the 9th century, Old English experienced heavy influence from Old Norse, a member of the
related North Germanic group of languages. |
Names (more)[am] ጥንታዊ እንግሊዝኛ[ar] إنجليزية عتيقة [az] qədimi ingiliscə [be] Старажытнаанглійская мова [bn] প্রাচীন ইংরেজি [bs] staroengleski [br] hensaozneg [bg] Староанглийски език [ca] Anglès antic [cs] Stará angličtina [cy] Hen Saesneg [da] Angelsaksisk [de] Altenglisch [el] Αρχαία αγγλική γλώσσα [en] English, Old (ca. 450-1100) [eo] Anglosaksa lingvo [et] Vanainglise keel [eu] Anglosaxoiera [fa] انگلیسی باستان [fi] Muinaisenglanti [fr] Vieil anglais [fy] Aldingelsk [gd] Seann-Bheurla [gl] Inglés antigo [gu] જુની અંગ્રેજી [sh] Staroengleski jezik [he] אנגלית עתיקה [hi] एंग्लो-सैक्सॉन भाषा [hr] Staroengleski jezik [hu] Óangol nyelv [id] Bahasa Inggris Kuno [is] Fornenska [it] Antico inglese [ja] 古英語 [kn] ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್ [ks] پرون اَنٛگریٖزی [ka] ძველი ინგლისური ენა [ko] 고대 영어 [lo] ອັງກິດໂບຮານ [la] Lingua Anglica antiqua [lv] Senangļu valoda [lt] Senoji anglų kalba [ml] പഴയ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് [mr] पुरातन इंग्रजी [mk] Староанглиски јазик [mt] Ingliż, Antik [mi] Reo Ingarihi Inamata [ms] Bahasa Inggeris Kuno [my] အင်္ဂလိပ်စာဟောင်း [nl] Oudengels [nn] gammalengelsk [nb] gammelengelsk [no] Gammelengelsk [oc] Anglosaxon [or] ପୁରୁଣା ଇଁରାଜୀ [os] Рагон англисаг æвзаг [pl] Język staroangielski [pt] Inglês antigo [rm] englais vegl [ro] Limba engleză veche [ru] Древнеанглийский язык [sk] Anglosaština [sl] Stara angleščina [se] boares eaŋgalasgiella [es] Idioma anglosajón [sr] Староенглески језик [sw] Kiingereza cha Kale [sv] Fornengelska [ta] பண்டைய ஆங்கிலம் [te] ప్రాచీన ఆగ్లం [th] ภาษาอังกฤษโบราณ [tr] Eski İngilizce [uk] Давньоанглійська мова [vi] Tiếng Anh cổ [zh] 古英语 |
Language type : Ancient
Technical notes
This page is providing structured data for the language Old English (ca. 450-1100). |
ISO 639 CodesISO 639-2B : angISO 639-2T : ang ISO 639-3 : ang Linked Data URIshttp://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/anghttp://dbpedia.org/resource/ISO_639:ang http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/ang More URIs at sameas.org SourcesAuthority documentation for ISO 639 identifier: angFreebase ISO 639-3 : ang GeoNames.org Country Information Publications Office of the European Union Metadata Registry : Countries and Languages |